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地面氣象觀(guān)測站運行監測與控制系統設計
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中國氣象局旱區特色農業(yè)氣象災害監測預警與風(fēng)險管理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室

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中國氣象局重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室指令性項目(CAMP-202007


Design of Operation Monitoring and Control System
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    摘要:

    地面氣象觀(guān)測站是一種重要的氣象探測設施,由主采集器、分采集器、各種傳感器以及供電系統等構成,能夠自動(dòng)觀(guān)測氣溫、濕度、氣壓、風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向、雨量等地面氣象觀(guān)測要素。為提升地面氣象觀(guān)測站運行狀態(tài)監測及時(shí)性和豐富程度,實(shí)現遠程電源控制,研究并設計一套地面氣象觀(guān)測站運行監測與控制系統。系統由站端控制器以及上位機軟件組成,以樹(shù)莓派為核心完成站端控制器硬件設計開(kāi)發(fā),基于python語(yǔ)言完成上位機軟件以及控制器程序設計開(kāi)發(fā)。對系統可靠性、功耗進(jìn)行測試。測試結果表明:系統對自動(dòng)站運行狀態(tài)的成功獲取率在99.5%以上,并對運行狀態(tài)異常具有較好的識別能力。控制器平均值為3.9W,接入常見(jiàn)的8要素地面氣象觀(guān)測站功耗占比為5.6%,電池供電情況下對蓄電池續航時(shí)間影響不大,但在低功耗氣象站中使用時(shí)應考慮更換更大容量的電池。該系統可進(jìn)一步提升地面氣象觀(guān)測站運行質(zhì)量,降低維修保障人員工作強度。

    Abstract:

    Weather station is an important meteorological observation facility, which is composed of main collector, sub collector, various sensors and power supply system. It can automatically observe surface meteorological observation elements such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, etc. To improve the timeliness and richness of the operation status monitoring of the weather stations and realize the remote control, a monitoring and control system is studied and designed for weather station. The system takes Raspberry Pi as the core to complete the hardware design and development of the weather station controller. And based on Python language, the software and controller program for monitoring and controlling the operation state of weather stations are developed. Finally, the reliability and power consumption of the system are tested and verified. The test results show that: The success rate of the system in obtaining the operation status of the automatic stations is above 99.5%, and it has a good ability to identify the abnormal operation state of the Surface meteorological stations. The average value of the controller is 3.9W, and the proportion of power consumption is 5.6% when the eight elements Weather stations are connected. But it should be considered to replace a larger capacity battery when used in the low-power consumption weather stations like two elements meteorological stations. The use of this system can further improve the operation quality of weather stations and reduce the work intensity of maintenance personnel.

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左湘文,肖建輝,荀家寶,劉青松,張磊.地面氣象觀(guān)測站運行監測與控制系統設計計算機測量與控制[J].,2023,31(2):141-146.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-24
  • 最后修改日期:2022-10-29
  • 錄用日期:2022-10-31
  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2023-02-16
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