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Aiming at the fire emergency evacuation of large space buildings, the shortest safe route from dangerous area to safety zone is provided for evacuees when fire happens.An improved ant colony algorithm based on quantum evolutionary algorithm (QEA) is proposed for fire evacuation path planning The pheromone is represented by quantum bits, and the pheromone is updated by quantum revolving gate feedback, which shows the high efficiency of quantum parallel computing and has better optimization ability of ant colony algorithm.Compared with the traditional quantum evolutionary algorithm, three benchmark function optimization simulation shows that the algorithm has better performance.Compared with the classical ant colony algorithm, the simulation results show that the algorithm can avoid local optimization and has faster convergence speed, and is more effective in evacuation path planning.