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Surface deformation monitoring of roads, tunnels, bridges, etc. is an important prerequisite for quality and safety. Aiming at the surface monitoring problem, we propose an object surface monitoring method based on laser rasterization sampling and high precision surface modeling. Utilizing rasterized sampling, the method can carry out high-precision surface modeling and interpolation on the surface of the monitored object. Then through the polynomial spatial interpolation method, the true value of the monitored points and the first and second basic quantities of the surface are estimated. Lastly, the surface settlement of the object and the change of the curvature radius parameters are monitored. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we randomly selected 100 test points on two known surfaces of different complexity levels. On different conditions of the sampling density and interpolation density, we carried out numerical simulation experiments separately. Meanwhile, a simulated deformation experiment was constructed by a physical model. Then we monitored changes of settlement and curvature radius at the test points. The experimental results are as follow. In the simulation experiment, high rasterized sampling density and interpolation density can greatly improve surface reconstruction accuracy and reduce the impact of different complexity of the object surface on the monitoring accuracy. In the physical simulation deformation experiment, the settlement monitoring accuracy can reach 98.41%, and the curvature radius change monitoring accuracy can reach 81.82%.