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Since the existing location algorithm of faster is slow and the result is inaccurate, combining with the characteristics of Ballastless Track Fastener, this paper proposed a fast matching and localization method for ballastless track fastener. In view of the problem of traditional fastener matching method, which is complex and inaccurate, the gradient directional field was used. Moreover, according to the consistency of consistency, the target area of faster can be locked, which may reduce the space of search by cropping the image. Template matching calculate the absolute distance of corresponding points in the directional field between the template and the image, which combining the directional field sampling, the starting point of search based on statistical method, and the method of adjusting the position and attitude parameters by the least square method to improve the matching speed and accuracy of results. The results of experiment show that the method greatly improves matching speed and has the characteristics of robustness, which can meet the demands of real-time and accuracy of matching and localization for ballastless track fastener. Compared with the traditional template matching method, the percent of speed improvements using this way is 30% and the percent of matching success under different lighting conditions is greater than 95%.