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Vehicle license plate character segmentation is the core step in license plate recognition system, and the effect of license plate preprocessing is directly related to the accuracy of segmentation. Aimed at the traditional gray image-based preprocessing method, it is difficult to eliminate the interference characteristics caused by the shooting hardware and the imaging environment. A preprocessing method of license plate images based on R-channel and grayscale stretching is proposed. The algorithm characterizes the original image with R channel data and restrain the interference characteristics of the license plate imaging and enhances the distinguishing degree between the background color and the character. In order to further enhance the contrast of the image, an improved gray stretch algorithm is proposed to effectively separate the characters and background. In order to verify the effect of the proposed preprocessing algorithm on character segmentation, a segmentation algorithm based on projection and template matching is introduced. Experiments show that this algorithm not only improves the imaging performance of the defaced license plate, but also improves the segmentation accuracy.