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低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度自動(dòng)測量方法研究
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(青海省柴達木綜合地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查院,青海 格爾木 816099)

作者簡(jiǎn)介:

李 楓(1982-),女,寧夏平羅人,工程師,主要從事礦山測量方向的研究。[FQ)]

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Research on Automatic Measurement Method of Aerial Photogrammetry in Low Altitude UAV
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(Qinghai Institute of Comprehensive Geological mine Prospecting,Golmud 816099,China)

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    摘要:

    為控制低空無(wú)人機攝影高度,獲得更加清晰的地理信息圖像,需要對低空無(wú)人機攝影高度自動(dòng)測量方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化研究;當前方法主要利用射影幾何知識的自動(dòng)化標定方法實(shí)現低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度的自動(dòng)測量;該方法存在噪聲影響嚴重,且測量誤差較大的問(wèn)題;為此,提出一種基于多傳感器與卡爾曼濾波相結合的低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度自動(dòng)測量方法;該方法首先通過(guò)分析氣壓測量法計算各種氣壓因素對低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度的影響,然后推導出大氣對流層內氣壓隨低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度的變化;然后采用雙GPS系統同時(shí)工作,對GPS、氣壓高度計和IMU測量獲得的低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度信號進(jìn)行冗余備份;采用基于二階多項式的修正方法對低空無(wú)人機航空攝影傳感器輸出值進(jìn)行補償和修正;根據動(dòng)力學(xué)方程建立低空無(wú)人機航空攝影的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程獲得高度測量狀態(tài)方程;最后采用卡爾曼濾波的線(xiàn)性最小方差估計準則對低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度進(jìn)行均方差估計計算,實(shí)現低空高度自動(dòng)測量與校正。實(shí)驗結果表明,所提方法具有精度高、收斂性好且濾波效果理想的優(yōu)勢。

    Abstract:

    In order to control the altitude of low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and obtain clearer geographical information images, it is necessary to optimize the height measurement method of low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The current method mainly uses the automatic calibration method of projective geometry knowledge to realize automatic aerial photogrammetry height measurement of low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The method has the problems of serious noise influence and large measurement error. Therefore, a highly automatic aerial photogrammetry method for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on multisensor and Calman filtering is proposed. Firstly, through the analysis of aerial photography has no effect on the height of the low pressure air pressure measurement method for calculation of various factors, and then push the troposphere with low pressure induced no change in aerial photography height; and then the double GPS system work at the same time, for the low altitude GPS, altimeter and IMU measurements obtained the UAV aerial photography altitude signal redundant backup; using two order polynomial correction method based on low altitude UAV aerial photography sensor output value compensation and correction; according to the kinetic equations of dynamics equation of low altitude UAV aerial photography obtained by measuring the height of the state equation; linear minimum variance estimation criterion Calman filtering of low altitude UAV aerial photography were highly variance estimation and realization of low altitude automatic measurement and calibration. Experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high precision, good convergence and ideal filtering effect.

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引用本文

李楓,陳有林.低空無(wú)人機航空攝影高度自動(dòng)測量方法研究計算機測量與控制[J].,2017,25(12):5-8, 20.

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歷史
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-21
  • 最后修改日期:2017-08-21
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2018-01-04
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