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The prominent shortcoming of the basic ant colony algorithm in route planning is easily trapped into local optimal solution. In the paper, the original ant colony algorithm is improved. A hybrid population ant colony algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. And a guidance factor was included into the state transition strategy, and it can reduce the blindness of local search and ensure ants to reach the destination. When the algorithm trapped into local convergence solution, through exchange each population's pheromone and the adaptive adjustments of the volatile coefficient can expand the search space and improve the overall searching workspace .Finally the improved algorithm is simulated in the grid map after the simplification of cost function. Simulation results show that the algorithm improves the convergence greatly, and can effectively prevent algorithm is easily trapped into local optimal solution,and is effective for the route planning problem.