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The problem that ultrasonic echo signals submerged by noise caused by high temperature and high noise in the blast furnace internal environment when the ultrasonic reflection method is applied to measure blast furnace wall thickness. In allusion to the problem, the mechanism of ultrasonic wave propagation in metal medium is studied, the causes of decrease of ultrasonic echo signal SNR decreased and the experimental data of time domain and frequency domain features is analyzed, the improved ultrasonic emission driver circuit and signal conditioning circuit of blast furnace wall thickness is designed. The furnace simulates 200 ℃ to 1 000 ℃ temperature environment and thickness measurement experiment to iron rod of 40mm diameter and 1.2 m length is done. Proved by actual measurement, the strength of ultrasonic signal of improved launch circuit has increased, the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic echo signal after echo processing circuit is obviously improving, the peak of ultrasonic echo signal is clear, the problem of the annihilation of the echo signal by noise is solved, the precision of the blast furnace wall thickness measurement is improved, it has practical significance to high yield, smoothly production and prolong the furnace life of blast furnace.