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Reliability of buffer materials is a key factor to influence the stability of equipment. Aluminum foam and polyurethane for the study, using finite element analysis method simulate the mechanical response in shock environment.Using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software analyses and simulates the bullet which the velocity is 300m/s and 1000m/s in the penetration environment, researching the impact resistance performance of aluminum foam and polyurethane.Janssen coefficient and the buffer coefficient are used to evaluate the performance of buffer materials.According to the actual simulation results of ANSYS/LS-DYNA,when the bullet speed is 300m/s,Janssen coefficient of polyurethane is 0.8, and Janssen coefficient of aluminum foam is 1.And when the bullet speed is 1000m/s, Janssen coefficient of polyurethane is 0.08, and Janssen coefficient of aluminum foam is 0.112.Besides,the buffer coefficient of polyurethane and aluminum foam are 0.61 and 11.Experimental results show that the impact resistance performance of aluminum foam is better than that of polyurethane, and it has obvious advantages.